Igama elisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukuchaza olo tshintsho kwitoni yemisipha ezibonakalisa ngokwanda okanye ukungabikho kolawulo lwee-neurons laziwa ngegama lika hypertonia. IHypertonia ifundwa ngokubanzi kwihlabathi le-physiotherapy kwaye inokuchaphazela indawo enkulu yabemi.
Ke ngoko, siza kunikezela eli nqaku ukuba likuxelele yonke into ekufuneka uyazi ngokusondela, iimpawu zayo kunye nendlela enokuthi ichaphazele ngayo umzimba.
Yintoni ihipertonia
IHypertonia ligama elisetyenziselwa ukuchaza utshintsho kwithoni yemisipha, ebonakalisa ukwanda kwethoni yemisipha kunye nokusilela kolawulo lwee-motor neurons ezikwiindawo zenkqubo ye-nervous system.
Ithoni yemisipha ichazwa njengokumelana nesihlunu esibonisayo xa sihlanganiswa nje, oko kukuthi, yindlela yokusebenza komzimba wokuvelisa imiqobo yemisipha xa itshintshiwe. Phakathi kwazo kukho hypertonia, hypotonia, dystonia kunye nokuqina.
IHypertonia lutshintsho olubandakanya ukonyuka koxinzelelo xa isihlunu sihamba nje. Ukongeza, abaguli banokuzikhawulela ekwenzeni ukusebenza kwesisipha esisebenzayo kunye nokuhambisa amalungu ngendlela elawulwayo nelungelelanisiweyo. Esi sizathu seentlungu, ukukhubazeka, kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba.
Kodwa kuxhomekeke kudidi, iya kuzisa nezinye iimpawu kunye neempendulo ezahlukeneyo zentshukumo. Ukuxinana kubangelwa yimveliso engqongqo yesiphene dUmmiselo we-myotonic reflex kunye nokusilela kokuthintela ukubambisana.
Kuhlolwa njani
Ngokubanzi, ukuvavanya ithoni yemisipha, isiguli kufuneka kuqala sibekwe kwindawo efanelekileyo yokuvavanya umsipha (supine okanye prone), emva koko umlinganiso uyenziwa.
Masibone ukuba zeziphi izikhokelo zokuvavanya enye ababeyibekile:
- Ubungqingqwa: Kufuneka idityaniswe kwaye igudise kakuhle kwaye kufuneka ulinde impendulo evela kumqondiso wesitshetshe. Ngokwesiqhelo lo mqondiso uhlala ubonakaliswa kukuphazamiseka kwentshukumo ethi emva koko iphele.
- Ukuqina: Iya kuhamba ngendlela efanayo kunye nesantya esisezantsi. Ngokungafaniyo nokungakhathali, ihlala iphendula kwiziphazamiso ezahlukeneyo kude kube kugqityiwe ukuhamba.
Oonobangela hypertonia
Zombini ezi ntlobo zezifo zibangelwa kukonakala kwenkqubo yemithambo-luvo, kodwa zombini zibangelwa kukonakala kwamalungu ahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, Ukuxhamla kuyimpawu yesifo se-cerebral palsy, ukubetha, kunye nezilonda zecortex yobuchopho, Ngelixa hypertonicity ibangelwa yi-supranuclear palsy, isifo sika-Parkinson, ukonakala kwe-cortical basal ganglia, kunye nezilonda ze-cerebellar.
Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu luchaphazela abantwana, iintsana, kunye nabantu abadala, ke unyango luya kufezekisa iinjongo ezahlukeneyo. Ukonyuka kwethoni yezihlunu kubangelwa kukonzakala kunye nezifo ezichaphazela inkqubo yokurekhoda ubude kunye nokolula utshintsho, kunye nendlela inkqubo yemisipha ekufuneka ichonge ngayo ixesha lokungenelela kwiqela lezihlunu kunye nokuthintela ukwenziwa kwazo.
Ke, ngenxa yeziphene kwiziko eliphezulu (ubuchopho, i-cortex, iimoto neurons, i-cerebellum), imiqondiso ethunyelwe kwimisipha ayiyi kwenziwa isebenze ngokwasemzimbeni, baya kuphendula ngokunyakaza okulinganiselweyo.
Nangona i-hyperosmolarity yenzeka nakweliphi na ubudala, ukubaluleka kokuchongwa kwayo kubaluleke ngakumbi kwiintsana. Ngethuba lokukhulelwa, umntwana uhlala kwindawo yesisu ixesha elide. Oku kunokubangela ukuba ithoni yakho yemisipha ibe yi-hypertonic emva kokubeleka. Nangona kunjalo, esi sifo asibonakali ekuhambeni kwexesha kwaye iimpawu zezokwexeshana. Ngayiphi na imeko, kuyanceda ukutyelela ugqirha osebenza ngokomzimba ukuqinisekisa impilo yomntwana. Ungakulibali ukungxamiseka kokuchongwa kwabantu abadala kunye nonyango.
IHypertonia kunye ne-hypotonia
Kwangokunjalo, ihypertonia inokwahlulwa kwi-hypotonia. I-Hypotonia ibandakanya ukwehla kwethoni yemisipha. Ukuxinwa kwemisipha okugqithisileyo kukhokelela ekuqineni kwentshukumo, ngelixa uxinzelelo lweemisipha eziphantsi kakhulu lukhokelela ekuphumleni. Zombini ziya kunciphisa ukusebenza komzimba, kodwa zinokusetyenziselwa ukomeleza imisebenzi yomzimba yokunyanga i-hypotonia. Ukwengeza, Zombini zinokuhamba nezifundo zonyango.
IHypertonia inokunyangwa ngamayeza okuthintela izifo ezibangelwa kukugula. Nangona sidibanisa ne-physiotherapy, iziphumo ziya kuba luncedo ngakumbi. Ukuziqhelanisa nokuphunyezwa kokuthanjiswa kunye nonyango luvumela abaguli ukuba baphucule umgangatho wabo wobomi.
Ukuxinana, idystonia, kunye nokuqina
Ukuxhamla lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwehypertonia kubantwana abane-cerebral palsy. Iphawuleka ngesantya, okt, ukuphakama kwesantya sokolula izihlunu, kokukhona ukumelana nentshukumo edibeneyo, kwaye ihlala ibonakala ngokukhawuleza kwisantya somda okanye kwisantya esithile. Ukongeza, inokwahluka ngokusekwe kwizinto zangaphandle, ezinjengentlungu, ukuphaphama, njl. Uvavanyo lomzimba luhamba kunye neempawu zokubandakanyeka kwe-motor neuron yokuqala, njenge-clonus, hyperreflexia, kunye nomqondiso kaBabinski.
I-Dystonia sesinye isizathu sehypertonia kwaye inokuchazwa njengokutshintsha kwentshukumo, apho izihlunu eziqhubekayo okanye eziphakathi zenzeka khona, zibangela isigulana ukuba "sijijeke," senze ukuphindaphinda okanye ukunyakaza okuqinileyo, okanye ukutshintsha ukuma. I-dystonia yefocal inokuchaphazela amaqela athile emisipha kwinxalenye ethile yomzimba, okanye inokubakho ngokubanzi.
Okokugqibela, ukuqina kuchazwa njengemeko apho amalungu adala ukunganyangeki kwentshukumo yomvavanyi kwaye ezi meko zilandelayo zikhona:
- Akuxhomekekanga kwisantya sentshukumo.
- Imisipha ye-Agonist kunye ne-antagonist inokusebenza kunye kunye nokuchasana nentshukumo edibeneyo inyuka kwangoko.
- Imilenze ayithandi ukubuyela kwindawo ethile okanye kwi-engile engatshintshiyo.
- Ukuzibophelela kwezihlunu zomgama omde ngokuzithandela akuyi kubangela ukuhamba okungaqhelekanga kwamalungu aqinileyo.
Nokuba yeyiphi na ingxaki, kucetyiswa kakhulu ukuba undwendwele ugqirha we-physiotherapist ukuze amisele unyango olufanelekileyo lwezifo ezichaziweyo. Kubalulekile ukuthatha amanyathelo ngokungxamisekileyo ukuze ingxaki ingekho nzulu kwaye ingcali ine-margin engaphezulu kakhulu ukuze ikwazi ukwenza isifo esichanekileyo kunye nonyango.
Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga ne-hypertonia kunye neempawu zayo.