Ungazi kanjani ukuthi ngiluhlobo luni lomzimba? Cishe usuzibuze lo mbuzo izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa. Into yokuqala okufanele sikubonise yona mayelana nalokhu ukuthi umuntu ngamunye ungumhlaba futhi une umzimba owodwa ukuthi ngisho zingahlanganiswa. Hhayi ize, umzimba ukhiwa amaseli angaphezu kwezigidi ezingamashumi amathathu ezakha imisipha, amathambo nezitho zomzimba. Futhi konke lokhu kubangela umshini ocishe uphelele.
Nokho, ukuphendula umbuzo ungazi kanjani ukuthi nginomzimba onjani, eziningi ziye zathuthukiswa imibono ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Mhlawumbe okubaluleke kakhulu yilokho kwesazi sokusebenza kwengqondo saseMelika UWilliam Herbert Sheldon. Nokho, ngaphambi kwakhe, udokotela wezifo zengqondo waseJalimane U-Ernst Kretschmer. Sizokuchazela lezi zihloko zombili.
Ithiyori ka-Ernst Kretschmer
I-Picnic Body Show
Lo dokotela waseJalimane wazama, eminyakeni engamashumi amabili ekhulwini elidlule, uku ukuxhumanisa i-biotype kanye ne-psychotype yabantu. Okusho ukuthi, wazama ukuthola ukuxhumana phakathi kwesimo somzimba kanye nesimo sengqondo somuntu ngamunye. Izethulo zakhe seziphelelwe yisikhathi namuhla. Kodwa inkolelo-mbono yakhe yayikhuluma ngezigaba ezintathu zemithetho-sisekelo yomzimba anezela kuyo enye yohlobo oluxubile.
Esokuqala senziwa imizimba ye-asthenic noma ye-leptosomatic. Zide futhi zizacile, zinehlombe elifushane ububanzi kanye nesifuba esiwumngcingo. Ngokufanayo, ubuso bakhe nekhala kubude futhi ugebhezi lwakhe lugcwele. Ngokuphathelene nokuhlobana kwabo nomlingiswa, laba bantu bavame ukuba njalo ebucayi, ngokukhathazeka kwezobuciko futhi, esikhundleni salokho, ngezinye izikhathi kubanda.
Uhlobo lwesibili lwe-Kretschmer yi i-athletic noma i-epileptoid. Kungumzimba oqinile futhi oqinile kokubili ngokwamathambo nemisipha. Isimilo sakhe sinjalo nomdlandla futhi uzimisele, ngokuthanda ukuzijabulisa. Kodwa futhi inengxenye ebucayi nenothando.
Ngokwengxenye yayo, i-archetype yesithathu ye-psychiatrist yaseJalimane i ipikiniki noma i-cyclothymic. Ziyimizimba emincane ngobude, kodwa ziqine kakhulu. I-viscera yayo mikhulu futhi ikhuluphele, okunomthelela ekuzungezeni ukuma kwayo. Futhi banokukhula okuncane kwemisipha. Mayelana nobuntu babo, laba bantu banjalo ehlakaniphile futhi ehlekisayo, nakuba bengadlula ezigabeni zokucindezeleka. Futhi abahambisani futhi banethemba noma abanalo ithemba kuye ngesikhathi.
Ekugcineni, uKretschmer wakhuluma nge umzimba we-dysplastic, engalingani nanoma yiziphi izinhlobo ezingenhla. Kulokhu, ziyizinto eziphilayo ezingalingani futhi abantu abethulayo ngokuvamile banazo uhlamvu olubuthakathaka noluhoxisiwe.
Imibono kaWilliam Sheldon yokuthi ungazi kanjani uhlobo lomzimba enginalo
Ama-somatotypes kaWilliam Herbert Sheldon
Njengoba sikutshelile, uphenyo lwesayikholoji UWilliam Sheldon Zahamba kamuva kunalezo zaseKretschmer. Imibono yakho iqoqwe ocingweni ithiyori ye-somatotype, okufana nedlule, ehlobanisa isimo somzimba nesimo somoya. Kodwa, kulokhu, ukhuluma ngezinhlobo ezintathu eziyisisekelo zemizimba.
Esokuqala ukuthi i-ectomorph, okuhambisana ne abantu abanozwela kanye nokushintshashintsha kwemizwa njalo. Ngokwe-morphologically, lezi zinambuzane zinde futhi zizacile, zinemilenze emide. Ngaphezu kwalokho, banokukhula okuncane kwemisipha, okubenza babonakale bebuthakathaka. Eqinisweni, abavamile ukukhuluphala.
I-archetype yesibili ka-Sheldon yi i-endomorph. Imelelwa imizimba eyindilinga futhi inomkhuba wokuqongelela amafutha. Kwabesilisa bavela esiswini, kwabesifazane bagxile ezinqeni. Amathambo akhe nawo makhulu futhi umzimba wakhe uhamba kancane. Ngokuqondene nokuziphatha kwabo, banjalo abantu abanobudlelwane nabanomoya omuhle, ukudla kanye nabathandi bobumnandi.
Ekugcineni, uhlobo lwesithathu lwalo mbono yilona umzimba mesomorphic. Besingakutshela ukuthi kuzoba phakathi kwalezi ezimbili ezedlule. Ngoba ibukeka iwukusubatha, inemisipha namathambo athuthuke ngendlela elinganiselayo. Uvamise ukuba mfishane, kodwa unamandla futhi uqinile. Amahlombe akhe abanzi futhi ukhalo lwakhe luncane. Ngokufanayo, ihloselwe ukuthuthukisa imisipha yayo, kodwa hhayi ukuqongelela amafutha. Mayelana nesimilo salaba bantu, banjalo olinganiselayo, onomdlandla futhi othakazelisayo, ngokuthanda kakhulu ezemidlalo.
Lezi yizinkolelo-mbono ezimbili eziyisisekelo eziphendula umbuzo wokuthi ungazi kanjani ukuthi nginamuphi umzimba. Nokho, kokubili omunye nomunye kuye kwabangela ukugxeka okusobala. Ikakhulukazi, i-Kretschmer's isicishe yachithwa yimithi yengqondo yamanje. Sizokukhombisa ukuphikisa okukhulu okuphakanyiswe kule mibono.
Ukuphikiswa kwemibono ye-Kretschmer ne-Sheldon
Ukumelwa kwesithombe somzimba we-mesomorphic
Ngokuqondene nemibono yangaphambili, uye wagxekwa ngokuthi izinhlobo zomzimba wakhe ngokweqisa lapho kufanele baphendule ngokwesilinganiso. Naye uke wasolwa singakunaki umehluko ngamunye. Futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukungahlobanisi amamodeli abo nezinguquko zomzimba ezingatholakala kuzo okuphakelayo. Ekugcineni, kuyagxekwa ukuthi, ocwaningweni lwakhe, wasebenzisa abantu abagula ngengqondo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinkolelo-mbono ze UWilliam Sheldon Baphumelele kakhulu kunakuqala. Kodwa-ke, okwamanje ziye zakhishwa umphakathi wesayensi. Naye uyasolwa dala ama-archetypes adlulele futhi aqinile. Eqinisweni, kwanele ukuphuma emgwaqweni ukuze ubone ukuthi kukhona abanye noma ukuthi bahlangene. Isibonelo, kulula ukuthola i-mesomorph enamafutha njenge-endomorph.
Sengiphetha, manje usunawo amathuluzi okuphendula umbuzo ungazi kanjani ukuthi nginomzimba onjani. Nokho, njengoba sikutshelile, isayensi yamanje ayinamathiseli ukuqina okukhulu kule mibono. Kodwa, nakuba zilinganiselwe, ziseyindlela yokuhlukanisa imizimba.