Igama elisetshenziswa kabanzi ukuchaza lezo zinguquko kuthoni yemisipha ezibonakalisa ngokwanda kwethoni yemisipha noma ukungabi namandla kokulawulwa ama-neurons laziwa ngegama le i-hypertonia. IHypertonia ifundwa kabanzi emhlabeni we-physiotherapy futhi ingathinta ingxenye enkulu yabantu.
Ngakho-ke, sizonikezela le ndatshana ukukutshela konke odinga ukukwazi ngokusondelana, izici zayo nokuthi kungathinta kanjani umzimba.
Yini i-hypertonia
IHypertonia igama elisetshenziselwa ukuchaza ushintsho kuthoni yemisipha, ekhombisa njengokwanda kwethoni yemisipha nokuntuleka kolawulo lwama-motor neurons atholakala ezindaweni zesistimu yezinzwa emaphakathi.
Ithoni yemisipha ichazwa njengokumelana nokwethulwa umsipha lapho ihlanganiswa nje, okungukuthi, iyindlela yokusebenza komzimba yomzimba ukukhiqiza izithiyo zemisipha lapho iguqulwa. Phakathi kwazo kukhona i-hypertonia, i-hypotonia, i-dystonia nokuqina.
I-Hypertonia inguquko ebandakanya ukungezwani okwandayo lapho imisipha ihamba kancane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iziguli zingazikhawulela ekwenzeni izingqinamba ezisebenzayo zemisipha futhi zihambise amalunga azo ngendlela elawulwayo nehambisanayo. Lokhu kuyimbangela yobuhlungu, ukukhubazeka, nokubamba iqhaza okulinganiselwe.
Kepha kuya ngohlobo, izokwethula nezinye izici nezimpendulo ezahlukahlukene zokunyakaza. Ukweqisa kubangelwa umkhiqizo oqinile wesici dukulawulwa kwe-reflex ye-myotonic nokwehluleka kokuvimbela okuhlangene.
Kuhlolwa kanjani
Ngokuvamile, ukuhlola ithoni yemisipha, isiguli kufanele kuqala sibekwe endaweni efanelekile kakhulu ukuvivinya imisipha (ukuphakama noma ukuthambeka), bese kuthi isilinganiso siphume.
Ake sibheke ukuthi yiziphi izinkombandlela ezithile zokuhlola leyo ababeyibeka:
- Ubungqabavu: Kumele ihlanganiswe futhi ibushelelezi ngokwanele futhi kufanele ulinde impendulo ohlangothini lwensingo. Imvamisa lolu phawu luvamise ukubonakaliswa ngokuphazanyiswa kokunyakaza okuye kwehle.
- Ubunzima: Izohamba ngendlela efanayo nangejubane eliphansi. Ngokungafani nokuzikhukhumeza, imvamisa iphendula ukuphazamiseka okuhlukahlukene kuze kube ukunyakaza sekuphelile.
Izimbangela ze-hypertonia
Zombili lezi zinhlobo zezifo zibangelwa ukulimala kwesistimu yezinzwa emaphakathi, kepha zombili zibangelwa ukulimala ezingxenyeni ezihlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuqina kuyisici sokukhubazeka kobuchopho, isifo sohlangothi kanye nezilonda ze-cortex yobuchopho, ngenkathi i-hypertonicity ibangelwa yi-supranuclear palsy, isifo sika-Parkinson, ukonakala kwe-cortical basal ganglia, kanye nezilonda ze-cerebellar.
Umfutho wegazi ophakeme uthinta izingane, izingane, nabantu abadala, ngakho-ke ukwelashwa kuzofeza izinhloso ezahlukahlukene. Ukukhuphuka kwethoni yemisipha kubangelwa ukulimala nezifo ezithinta inqubo yokurekhoda izinguquko zobude nokunwebeka, kanye nendlela uhlelo lwemisipha okufanele lunqume ukuthi izolungenela nini iqembu lemisipha futhi livimbele ukwenziwa kwabo.
Ngakho-ke, ngenxa yokukhubazeka esikhungweni esingenhla (ubuchopho, i-cortex, ama-motor neurons, i-cerebellum), izimpawu ezithunyelwa emisipheni ngeke zisebenze ngomzimba, bazophendula ngokunyakaza okulinganiselwe.
Yize i-hyperosmolarity yenzeka nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, ukubaluleka kokuxilongwa kwayo kubaluleke kakhulu ezinganeni. Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ingane ihlala isesimweni sesisu isikhathi eside. Lokhu kungadala ukuthi ithoni yakho yemisipha ibe yi-hypertonic ngemuva kokubeletha. Kodwa-ke, lesi sifo asiqhamuki ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi izimpawu zingezesikhashana. Kunoma ikuphi, kuyasiza ukuvakashela owelapha ngokomzimba ukuze aqinisekise impilo yengane. Ungakhohlwa ukuphuthuma kokuxilongwa nokwelashwa kwabantu abadala.
I-Hypertonia ne-hypotonia
Ngokufanayo, i-hypertonia ingahlukaniswa ne-hypotonia. I-Hypotonia ibandakanya ukwehla kwethoni yemisipha. Ukungezwani ngokweqile kwemisipha kuholela ekuqineni kokunyakaza, kuyilapho imisipha ephansi kakhulu iholela ekuphumuleni. Kokubili kuzonciphisa ukusebenza komzimba, kepha kungasetshenziswa ukuqinisa ukusebenza kwemisipha ukwelapha i-hypotonia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bobabili bangahambisana nezifundo zokwelapha ngokomzimba.
I-Hypertonia ingelashwa ngemithi yokuvikela izifo ezibangelwa yi-pathologies. Yize uma sikuhlanganisa ne-physiotherapy, imiphumela izoba lusizo kakhulu. Ukuzijwayeza ekusetshenzisweni kweziyalo zokubhucungwa nokwelashwa kuvumela iziguli ukuthi zithuthukise impilo yazo.
Ukuqina, i-dystonia, nokuqina
Ukuqothuka uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-hypertonia ezinganeni ezine-cerebral palsy. Kubonakala ngejubane, okusho ukuthi, ijubane lokunwebeka kwemisipha liphakama, ukumelana nokunyakaza okuhlangene kakhulu, futhi kuvame ukuvela ngokushesha ngejubane lomkhawulo noma ngejubane elithile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingahluka ngokuya ngezici zangaphandle, ezinjengobuhlungu, ukuqapha, njll. Ukuhlolwa komzimba kuhambisana nezimpawu zokubandakanyeka kokuqala kwe-motor neuron, njenge-clonus, hyperreflexia, nesibonakaliso sikaBabinski.
I-Dystonia ingenye imbangela ye-hypertonia futhi ingachazwa njengokushintsha kokunyakaza, lapho kwenzeka khona ukusikeka kwemisipha okuqhubekayo noma okuphakathi, okwenza isiguli "sishintshe," senze ukunyakaza okuphindaphindayo noma okuqinile, noma sishintshe ukuma. I-dystonia eqokiwe ingathinta amaqembu athile emisipha engxenyeni ethile yomzimba, noma ingajwayelekile.
Ekugcineni, ukuqina kuchazwa njengesimo lapho amalunga aveza khona ukumelana nokunyakaza komhloli futhi kunezimo ezilandelayo:
- Akuncikile esivinini sokuhamba.
- Imisipha ye-Agonist ne-antagonist ingavumelana ndawonye futhi ukumelana nokunyakaza okuhlangene kwanda ngokushesha.
- Imilenze ayijwayele ukubuyela endaweni ethile noma i-angle eqondile.
- Ukuncipha kwemisipha yebanga elide ngokuzithandela ngeke kubangele ukunyakaza okungavamile kwamalunga aqinile.
Noma ngabe iyiphi inkinga, kunconywa kakhulu ukuthi uvakashele udokotela we-physiotherapist ukuze akwazi ukuthola ukwelashwa okufanele kwezifo eziqanjwe ngamagama. Kubalulekile ukuthatha isinyathelo ngokuphuthumayo ukuze inkinga ingabi yimbi futhi uchwepheshe abe nomugqa omningi kakhulu ukuze akwazi ukuthola ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa okuhle.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi nge-hypertonia nezici zayo.