Amafutha ngumxube oqukethe ioyile eyimfuneko, utywala kunye nokulungiswa, okusetyenziselwa ukubonelela ngevumba elimnandi nelingapheliyo kwizinto ezahlukeneyo, kodwa ikakhulu emzimbeni womntu.
Iioyile eziyimfuneko zizinto eziphilayo, ezingamanzi kodwa ngamanye amaxesha eziqinileyo, ezinepungent, iyacaphukisa kwaye inevumba elimnandi kunye nencasa. Ziyakunyanzeliswa ngaphandle kokubola, azikho gwenxa emanzini kodwa ziyanyibilika etywaleni nakwi-ether. Azinabucukubhede obungenamafutha nobungathandekiyo beeoyile ezisisigxina kwaye abaniki sepha. Zinyibilika izinto ezinamafutha, i-wax kunye nentlaka.
Ukwenziwa kweekhemikhali kwahluka kakhulu; zihlala ziqulathe iihydrocarbon zefomula C10H16 okanye ezininzi okanye ezincinci kunye neoksijini okanye icamphor. Ezinye ziqukethe i-ether, i-alcohol, i-phenols; ezinye zine sulphur. Zikho kuwo onke amalungu ezityalo kodwa ngakumbi kumagqabi nakwiintyatyambo.
Uninzi lwezinto ezikhoyo sele zenziwe ngokupheleleyo kwisityalo okanye kwimifuno; Nangona kunjalo, ezinye azikho ngaphambili kodwa zenziwa ngokusebenza kwamanzi kwiindawo ezithile zesityalo apho amanyathelo athile afunyenwe kwiiseli adibeneyo kwaye amisela ukubunjwa komxholo.
Izilungiso ezibopha iziqholo ezahluka-hlukeneyo zibandakanya i-balms, i-ambergris, kunye ne-glandular secretions evela kwii-genet kunye ne-musk deer (ezi mfihlo zingafakwanga zinephunga elingathandekiyo, kodwa kwisisombululo esinotywala basebenza njengezikhuselo). Ezi zilwanyana ngoku zikhuselwe kumazwe amaninzi, yiyo loo nto abenzi beziqholo besebenzisa imusk eyenziweyo.
Ubungakanani botywala buxhomekeke kuhlobo lwamalungiselelo apho ibhekiswe khona. Ngokuqhelekileyo, umxube uneminyaka emdala.
Iindidi zeziqholo
Umgangatho wesiqholo umiselwa lixabiso lobungakanani obusetyenziswe kwifomula yokucaciswa kwayo. Ke, sinokuthetha ngokukhutshwa xa ubuncinci be-40% bufikelela kwinani lotywala. Le fomyula, eyona ibiza kakhulu kuzo zonke, iza ikwimo yekhrimu. Kodwa, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, iifomati ezingamanzi zeziqholo zezona zaziwayo nezisetyenziswa kakhulu.
- I-UAE YEPARFUM. Uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwevumba elimnandi kwifomathi yolwelo. Ngokwesiqhelo iqulathe phakathi kwe-15-40% yezithako ezisebenzayo, iioyile eziyimfuneko okanye ezinevumba elimnandi. Ivumba layo lihlala kwiiyure ezingama-7.
- I-EAU DE TOILETTE. Ineeoyile ezingaphezulu okanye ezingaphantsi kwe-10%. Ivumba lalo emzimbeni lihlala phakathi kweeyure ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-5.
- I-UAE YEKOLOGNE. Kubandakanya malunga ne-5% essence. Ivumba layo lithatha malunga neeyure ezi-3 emzimbeni.
- I-ColONIA. Luhlobo olulula kakhulu lwesiqholo, kunye ne-2-3% yoxinzelelo. Yeyona isetyenziswa kakhulu ngabo bathanda ukusebenzisa iziqholo ngobuninzi, kodwa ayihlali ngaphezulu kweeyure ezimbini emzimbeni.
IZINDULULO ZOKUSETYENZISWA
- Ukukhanya kunye nobushushu kunokutshintsha ifomula yevumba elimnandi. Musa ukubeka iibhotile elangeni okanye kufutshane nomthombo wobushushu. Kwaye akufuneki zigcinwe ixesha elide. Inketho efanelekileyo yolondolozo lwabo kukuzigcina kwifriji.
- Imozulu inefuthe lonyuko lwesiqholo. Ubushushu buququzelela ukunyuka kwawo, ngoko ke kufuneka ukumodareyitha ukusetyenziswa kwesiqholo ehlotyeni. Impembelelo ye-vasoconstrictor yengqele, ngokuchaseneyo, ibangela ukuba amanqaku olfactory andise kancinci.
- Amafutha anevumba elahlukileyo kumntu ngamnye, kungoko ke kubalulekile ukuzizama ngaphambi kokuzifumana. Ivumba elinikwa sisikhumba kulusu lomntu luxhomekeke kukutya, uhlobo lolusu kunye nendlela yokuphila.
- Amafutha kufuneka azame esihlahleni nakwigophe lengqiniba. Kuya kufuneka ulinde imizuzu eli-15 ukuba livumba lokugqibela lesikhumba ngasinye libuye.
- Ukuqhumisa ngeziphumo ezihlala ixesha elide, kungcono ukuyenza entanyeni, ezihlahleni, kwi-nape nakwimisipha. Icebo elisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kukubeka umqhaphu othakwe kwisiqholo entanyeni kwaye ucofe iimpahla kancinci ngebhotile yokutshiza.
- Iziqholo akufuneki zisetyenziswe gwenxa nakweyiphi na inkcazo-ntetho: Ubungakanani obuninzi abuthethi ubude bexesha.
- Ulusu olomileyo ludinga ivumba elingaphezulu. Ukuba ukutya kunciphile kumanqatha, isiqholo sihlala ixesha elincinci. Kubantu abatshayayo, ixesha lesiqholo lifutshane kwaye, ukongeza, ivumba lalo lingatshintsha.
- Ivumba leesepha ezinevumba elimnandi, iigels, iikhrim okanye into yokuthambisa inokutshintsha ivumba lesiqholo. Kukhethwa ukuba uthenge ezi mveliso kumgca ofanayo wesiqholo okanye, ukusilela oko, ngaphandle kwevumba.
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