Izwi rinoshandiswa zvakanyanya kutsanangura izvo shanduko mutoni yemhasuru inozviratidza nekuwedzera mairi kana kushaikwa kwekutonga nemaeuron inozivikanwa nezita rekuti hypertonia. Hypertonia inodzidziswa zvakanyanya munyika ye physiotherapy uye inogona kukanganisa chikamu chakakura chevagari.
Naizvozvo, isu tichaisa iyi chinyorwa kukuudza iwe zvese zvaunoda kuti uzive nezve padyo, hunhu hwayo uye kuti ingakanganisa sei muviri.
Chii chinonzi hypertonia
Hypertonia izwi rinoshandiswa kutsanangura shanduko mumhasuru toni, iyo inoratidza sekuwedzera mhasuru toni uye kushomeka kwekudzora kwema motor neurons ari munzvimbo dzepakati tsinga system.
Tsvina yemhasuru inotsanangurwa sekushorwa kunounzwa nemhasuru kana ichinge yaunganidzwa, ndiko kuti, chimiro chemuviri chemuviri kuburitsa zvipingamupinyi zvetsandanyama kana zvashandurwa. Pakati pavo pane hypertonia, hypotonia, dystonia uye kuomarara.
Hypertonia ishanduko inosanganisira kuwedzera kukakavara kana mhasuru ichifamba zvisingaite. Uye zvakare, varwere vanogona kuzviisa pachezvake pakuita kushomeka kwemhasuru yekumisidzana uye kutamisa majoini avo nenzira inodzorwa uye yakarongeka. Ichi ndicho chikonzero chekurwadziwa, hurema, uye kutora chikamu kutora chikamu.
Asi zvinoenderana nerudzi, icharatidzawo mamwe maitiro uye akasiyana mafambiro ekufambisa. Kupenga kunokonzerwa neyakaomarara chigadzirwa chehurema de murau weiyo myotonic reflex uye kutadza kwekudyidzana inhibition.
Zvinoongororwa sei
Pakati pese, kuongorora toni yemhasuru, murwere anofanira kutanga aiswa munzvimbo yakakodzera kwazvo kuti aedze mhasuru (supine kana yakatwasuka), ipapo kuyerwa kunoitwa.
Ngatione kuti ndedzipi nhungamiro dzekutarisa iyo yavakaisa:
- Kupenga: Inofanirwa kuunganidzwa uye kusatsetseka uye unofanirwa kumirira mhinduro kubva kuchiratidzo chezai. Kazhinji chiratidzo ichi chinowanzo kuve nekukanganiswa kwekufamba kunobva kwaderera.
- Rigidity: Ichafamba nenzira imwechete uye nekumhanya kwakaderera. Kusiyana nekuzvimbirira, inowanzo pindura kukanganiswa kwakasiyana siyana kudzamara kufamba kwapera.
Zvinokonzera hypertonia
Ese ari maviri marudzi ezvirwere anokonzerwa nekukuvara kune epakati tsinga system, asi ese ari maviri anokonzerwa nekukuvara kune akasiyana zvikamu. Semuyenzaniso, spasticity hunhu hwe cerebral palsy, sitiroko, uye maronda e cerebral cortex, nepo hypertonicity ichikonzerwa ne supranuclear palsy, chirwere chePasinson, kuora kweiyo cortical basal ganglia, uye cerebellar maronda.
Kuwedzera kweropa kunokanganisa vana, vacheche, uye vanhu vakuru, saka kurapwa kuchazadzisa zvinangwa zvakasiyana. Kuwedzera kwemhasuru toni kunokonzerwa nekukuvara nezvirwere zvinokanganisa maitiro ekurekodha kureba uye kutambanudza shanduko, uye mashandiro ayo muscular system inofanirwa kuona nguva yekubata boka remhasuru uye kutadzisa kuurayiwa kwavo.
Nekudaro, nekuda kwekukanganisa kuri kumusoro kwepakati (huropi, cortex, mota mauroni, cerebellum), zviratidzo zvinotumirwa kumhasuru hazvizoitwe zvemuviri, ivo vachapindura nekufamba kushoma.
Kunyangwe hyperosmolarity ichiitika chero pazera, kukosha kwekuongororwa kwayo kwakanyanya kukosha kune vacheche. Panguva yekuzvitakura, mwana anoramba ari muchimiro che "fetal" kwenguva yakareba. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera yako mhasuru toni kuti ive hypertonic mushure mekusununguka. Nekudaro, hosha yacho haidi kuti ioneke nekufamba kwenguva uye zviratidzo ndezvenguva pfupi. Chero zvazvingava, zvinobatsira kushanyira nyanzvi yekurovedza muviri kuti uve nechokwadi chehutano hwemwana. Usakanganwa kukurumidza kwevakuru kuongororwa uye kurapwa.
Hypertonia uye hypotonia
Saizvozvo, hypertonia inogona kusiyaniswa ne hypotonia. Hypotonia inosanganisira kuderera kwemhasuru toni. Kunyanyisa kusagadzikana kwemhasuru kunotungamira mukuomarara mukufamba, nepo kwakanyanya mhasuru kushushikana kunotungamira mukuzorora. Ose ari maviri anoderedza kuita kwemuviri, asi anogona kushandiswa kusimbisa musimba chiitiko chemuviri kurapa hypotonia. Pamusoro pe, vese vanogona kuperekedza makosi ekurapa kwemuviri.
Hypertonia inogona kurapwa nemishonga yekudzivirira zvirwere zvinokonzerwa nehutachiona. Kunyangwe tikazvisanganisa ne physiotherapy, mhedzisiro yacho ichave inobatsira. Kujairirana nekuitwa kwemassage uye kurapa kuranga kunotendera varwere kuvandudza hupenyu hwavo.
Kupenga, dystonia, uye kuomarara
Spasticity ndiyo yakajairika mhando ye hypertonia muvana vane cerebral palsy. Iyo inoratidzirwa nekumhanya, ndiko kuti, iyo yakakwira iyo kumhanya kwemhasuru kutambanudza, iyo huru kuramba kuramba kwemajoini kufamba, uye inowanzo kuoneka nekukurumidza pamuganho wekumhanya kana imwe kumhanya. Uye zvakare, inogona kusiyana zvichibva pane zvekunze zvinhu, sekurwadziwa, kusvinura, nezvimwe. Iko kuongorora kwepanyama kunoperekedzwa nezviratidzo zvekutanga mota neuron kubatanidzwa, senge clonus, hyperreflexia, uye Babinski chiratidzo.
Dystonia ndechimwe chikonzero chehypertonia uye inogona kutsanangurwa sekuchinja mukufamba, uko kunoitika kana kusapindirana kwemhasuru mhasuru kunoitika, zvichikonzera murwere "kumonyoroka," kuita kudzokorodza kana kuomarara, kana kuchinja mamiriro. Focal dystonia inogona kukanganisa chaiwo masumbu mapoka mune chimwe chikamu chemuviri, kana iwo anogona kuve akajairwa.
Chekupedzisira, kuomarara kunotsanangurwa semamiriro ezvinhu ayo majoini anounza kuramba kufamba kwemuongorori uye mamiriro anotevera aripo:
- Izvo hazvitsamire pakumhanya kwekufamba.
- Agonist uye anopikisa mhasuru dzinogona kubvumirana pamwechete uye kuramba kubatana kwekubatana kunowedzera pakarepo
- Iwo makumbo haadi kudzoka kune imwe nzvimbo kana yakatarwa kona.
- Kuzvidira-kureba-kureba kwetsandanyama kudzvinyirira hakuzokonzereze kusanzwisisika kufamba kwemajoini akaomarara.
Chero dambudziko, zvinokurudzirwa kushanyira physiotherapist kuitira kuti agadzire kurapa kwakakodzera kwezvirwere zvinonzi. Izvo zvakakosha kuti uite nekukurumidza kuitira kuti dambudziko racho risanyanya uye nyanzvi ine yakawanda yakawanda margin yekugona kuita yakanaka kuongororwa uye kurapwa.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve hypertonia nehunhu hwayo.