Ccerwallon ƙafa shi ne mafi wasa da sanannun wasanni a duniya nesa ba kusa ba. Koyaya, akwai mutane da yawa waɗanda basu san dukansu ba dokokin Kwallon kafa. A lokuta da yawa mun sami gogewa tare da abokai wanda a cikin sa akwai takaddama kan dokar ƙwallon ƙafa da ba a sani ba. Hakanan yana faruwa tare da saɓani tare da alƙalan wasa yayin busa don wasa.
Duk wadannan dalilan, za mu sadaukar da wannan labarin ne don gaya muku yadda ka'idojin kwallon kafa suke da kuma duk wasu muhimman ayyukanta.
Dokokin Kwallan kafa
Ccerwallon ƙafa wasa ne da ake yin shi ko'ina cikin duniya wanda ya yi hakan ƙa'idodi da aka kasu zuwa manyan dokoki 17. Ana iya ɗaukar dokokin ƙwallon ƙafa azaman wasu ƙa'idoji waɗanda dole ne a cika su domin wasan ya zama daidai kuma duk wasannin da aka yi suna da inganci. Idan har ɗan wasa bai bi ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan ƙa'idodin ba, wasan ba zai yi aiki ba kuma zai kasance mai yuwuwar sanya takunkumi.
Bari mu bincika menene dokokin ƙwallon ƙafa.
Yan wasa da kwallon
Tsarin filin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa inda dole ne 'yan wasa 22 su shiga cikin ƙungiyoyi biyu suna da matakan kusurwa tsakanin mita 90 da 120 tsawonsu zuwa 45 kuma bai fi faɗin mita 90 ba. Idan aka gudanar da gasa ta FIFA a hukumance, zamu sami ƙa'idodi waɗanda babbar hukumar da ke kula da ƙwallon ƙafa ta duniya take buƙata. Minimumananan matakan dole ne su zama 64m x 100m kuma matsakaicin 75m x 110m.
Amma kwallon, yana daya daga cikin tsarkakakkun abubuwa wadanda suke cikin wasanni. An kuma san shi da sunan ball. Kwallan dole ne ya sami kewaye tsakanin 68 zuwa 70 cm, tare da diamita tsakanin 21,65 da 22,29 cm. Kamar yadda muka ambata a baya, yawan 'yan wasan da ke filin dole ne su kasance 22, tare da' yan wasa 11 daga kowace kungiya. Daya daga cikin wadannan yan wasan dole ne ya zama mai tsaron raga kuma shine mai kula da hana kwallon shiga raga.
A cikin gasar hukuma Kowace ƙungiya tana da damar canje-canje 3 a cikin lokaci na yau da kullun. Watau, ana iya musayar kusan 'yan wasa 3 yayin wasan don magance matsalolin amincin juna a cikin ƙungiyar ko taimakawa ɗan wasa ya huta.
Dole ne 'yan wasa su sanya rigar kulob dinsu daban-daban tare da suna da lamba, masu nuna alama. Hakanan dole ne su kasance da gajeren wando, dogon safa, shin masu tsaro da takalmin tanis na musamman don su sami damar yin ƙwallon ƙafa a kan ciyawa. Dangane da masu tsaron raga ko masu tsaron raga, suma suna da tsari iri ɗaya, tare da banbancin da zasu iya sanya safar hannu da launuka daban-daban na sutturar su da sauran playersan wasan filin. Wannan yana taimakawa don iya bambance wasu 'yan wasan da wasu.
Alƙali da 'yan wasa masu layi
Ana ɗaukar alkalin wasa a matsayin darektan wasan. Babban alkalin wasa shine wanda ya raba filin wasa tare da sauran yan wasan kuma shine mai kula da nuna farawa, tsakanin lokaci da karshen wasan. Shi ne kuma ke kula da bayar da adalci a gare ta.
Babban alkalin yana da alhakin yin gargadi duka tare da katin rawaya da tare da jan kati wanda baya bin wasu dokoki na ƙwallon ƙafa ban da halin tashin hankali tare da sauran 'yan wasan. Hakanan shi ne mai kula da siginar jefa kwallaye, kusurwa, kwallaye, bugun daga raga, a waje da kuma tabbatar da wasannin ta hanyar VAR don sanin ko ya kamata a gyara su. Jikin alkalin wasa ya kasance mai buga bushe-bushe, 'yan wasan gaba biyu wadanda ke tsaye a wajen filin da kuma kan fuka-fuki, kowanne a cikin rabin da aka sanya. Hakanan akwai dakin busa ƙaho kuma dukansu suna da VAR.
Amma game da alƙalin layin, sune waɗanda suke da tuta kuma sun kasance na ƙarshe a matattarar maƙallin tsakiya. Su ne ke da alhakin tallafawa wasan kwaikwayon da ƙungiyoyi suka ɗaga kuma suna zartar da bugun hannu, suna nuna ɓarna ko canje-canje kuma su ne farkon waɗanda suka fara sadarwa ta gefe.
Tsawan lokacin ƙayyadaddun wasan ƙwallon ƙafa shine jimlar minti 90 tare da sassa biyu na minti 45 kowane. Alƙalin wasa na iya ƙara lokacin rauni a ɓangarorin biyu na wasan don lokacin da aka tsayar saboda wani abin da ya faru ko rauni. A matakin share kai tsaye ko fadadawa, za a sake kunna wasu karin minti 30 zuwa kashi biyu na mintina 15. Idan ba a sami nasara ba, za a yi jayayya da penáltiles ko fanareti.
Goals, offside da sauran dokokin ƙwallon ƙafa
Lokacin da muke nazarin dokokin ƙwallon ƙafa, akwai ɗayansu wanda koyaushe ba a lura da shi. Lokaci ne idan ƙwallan ba ta wasa. A takaice, kwallon yana cikin wasa lokacin da ya kasance a cikin layukan da suka samar da filin. Kwallan ya kuduri aniyar yin wasa da wasa lokacin da ya wuce dukkan layukan layin zuwa burin. Lokacin da dan wasan gaba wanda ya dauki kwallon a gaban layin mai kare dan wasan bayan wucewa daga takwaransa, zai kasance a waje.
Mutum na ƙarshe da ya kare filin wasan ana kiransa mai karewa kuma shine mafi nisa a baya. Wannan dan wasan shine maku karshe mai nuna alama yana iya ko ba alama sigina ne ba.
Don kauce wa duk wani rikici, an zartar da manufa sau ɗaya ƙwallon ta wuce layin da aka yiwa alama tsakanin ginshiƙan uku. Kungiyar da ta fi yawan kwallaye ta ci wasan.
Kuskuren doka wata doka ce mafi rikitarwa da za a zartar. Labari ne game da ta'adi, wasan kwaikwayo masu haɗari, busawa, haɗuwa da ƙarfi ko wasu ta'adi tsakanin 'yan wasa. Daga cikin hukunce-hukuncen da aka samu na aikata laifuka akwai "hannaye." Wannan ya kunshi kwallon da yake zuwa cudanya da hannun mutum na kowane dan wasa a filin wasa wanda ba mai tsaron raga ba a cikin yankin tsaron. Masu tsaron raga bazai dauki kwallon da hannayensu ba a wajen yankinsu ko su karba idan yazo daga abokin aikinsu. Idan wannan ya faru, alkalin wasa ya nuna bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida, ba fanareti ba.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya koyo game da dokokin ƙwallon ƙafa.